Emergencies rarely happen at convenient times. Whether it is a field injury, sudden lameness, a colic episode, or a kick wound, the first few minutes of response can significantly influence the outcome.
First aid is not about replacing veterinary care — it is about stabilising the situation safely until professional help arrives.
Every yard, regardless of size, should have clear first aid knowledge and equipment available.
The Purpose of Equine First Aid
Effective first aid aims to:
- Prevent the situation from worsening
- Control bleeding
- Reduce shock
- Protect wounds
- Keep the horse safe
- Provide accurate information to the vet
Panic delays appropriate action. Preparation prevents panic.
Essential Yard First Aid Kit
Every yard should keep a clearly labelled, easily accessible kit containing:
- Digital thermometer
- Stethoscope (optional but useful)
- Clean bandages (stable bandages and cohesive wrap)
- Sterile wound pads
- Gamgee or padding
- Saline solution
- Antiseptic solution (vet-approved)
- Scissors
- Hoof pick
- Cold packs
- Disposable gloves
- Clean towels
- Torch
- Emergency contact numbers
Kits should be checked monthly. Replace expired or contaminated supplies.
1. Assess Before Acting
Before intervening:
- Secure the horse safely
- Assess the environment for hazards
- Observe behaviour
- Check vital signs
- Remain calm
Your composure affects the horse’s response.
2. Taking Vital Signs
Every owner should know normal ranges:
- Temperature: 37.2–38.3°C
- Heart rate: 28–44 bpm
- Respiration: 8–16 breaths per minute
- Gum colour: Moist, pale pink
- Capillary refill time: Under 2 seconds
An elevated heart rate is often the most important early warning indicator.
Record findings to relay to the vet.
3. Managing Bleeding
Minor Cuts
- Rinse with saline
- Pat dry
- Apply sterile dressing
Heavy Bleeding
- Apply firm pressure with a clean pad
- Do not remove the pad repeatedly
- Add additional padding if soaked
- Call the vet immediately
Do not apply tourniquets unless directed by a vet — pressure is usually sufficient.
4. Wound Care Basics
Superficial Wounds
- Flush gently with saline
- Avoid aggressive scrubbing
- Apply a clean dressing
Deep Wounds
- Do not probe
- Do not apply powders or creams
- Cover lightly
- Call the vet
Wounds near joints require immediate veterinary assessment — joint infections escalate rapidly.
5. Suspected Fracture
If a fracture is suspected:
- Do not move the horse unnecessarily
- Keep the horse calm and still
- Prevent walking if possible
- Call the vet immediately
Stabilisation must be guided by veterinary advice.
6. Colic First Response
If colic is suspected:
- Remove feed
- Call the vet
- Monitor heart rate
- Walk gently if safe
- Prevent violent rolling
Do not administer pain relief unless instructed — masking pain complicates diagnosis.
7. Eye Injuries
Eye injuries are urgent.
Signs include:
- Squinting
- Excess tearing
- Swelling
- Cloudiness
Do not apply ointments unless prescribed. Cover lightly if needed and call the vet immediately.
8. Hoof Injury or Sudden Lameness
If sudden lameness occurs:
- Pick out the hoof
- Check for stones or foreign objects
- Feel for heat
- Check digital pulse
If an abscess is suspected, contact a farrier or vet promptly. Do not ignore non-weight-bearing lameness.
9. Managing Shock
Signs of shock include:
- Rapid heart rate
- Pale gums
- Weakness
- Cold extremities
- Depression
Keep the horse warm but not overheated, minimise movement, and call the vet immediately.
10. Recording the Incident
Write down:
- Time signs began
- Vital signs
- Changes observed
- Treatments given
Accurate information supports faster veterinary decision-making.
What Not to Do
Avoid:
- Guessing medication dosages
- Applying unapproved topical substances
- Delaying a vet call
- Moving an injured horse unnecessarily
- Leaving a horse unattended during a crisis
First aid stabilises — it does not replace diagnosis.
Yard Preparedness Checklist
Every yard should:
- Display the emergency vet number clearly
- Have transport available if required
- Ensure regular handlers know basic vital signs
- Keep the first aid kit stocked
- Maintain a calm emergency plan
Preparation reduces chaos.
The Core Principle
First aid in equine management is about:
- Calm assessment
- Controlled response
- Accurate monitoring
- Prompt veterinary contact
The first 15 minutes matter.
Knowledge protects welfare. Prepared yards respond better.
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Knowledge Hub: https://jsm-equestrian-supplies.co.uk/knowledge-hub/
Category: https://jsm-equestrian-supplies.co.uk/category/horse-health/
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